Alternative and renewable bio-based and biodegradable plastics

Abstract

Biological originated and biodegradable polymers can form the basis for an eco-friendly, sustainable substitute to existing materials based entirely on petrochemicals. These bio-derived materials play a vital role in the sustainability/life cycle equation by being part of the organic carbon cycle, specifically as it relates to polymericmaterials based on carbon component such as synthetic polymers (plastic), water soluble polymers, and other carbon-derived products like biodiesel, lubricants, and detergents. Biopolymers are generally can be used by soil/water microbial communities through complex enzymatic activities, they are biodegradable in nature, and hence they can be predisposed in harmless and environmentally significant way through waste management like composting, soil application, and natural waste water treatment. It is significant to use them in applications where, after use, they can be recycled. In preparation of compostable plastic bag, there should be a separate collection of organic waste. Certified biologically degradable polymers are designed to be improved by means of organic recycling, and it is expected to be treated with in the anaerobic digesters or composting units. They are marked with proper logos mainly as the seedling logo. Recent studies have revealed that the optical systems can be easily identified and detached. However, now small size of the current market for biodegradable plastics, with special emphasis on the bio-composting or energy salvage, is ideally the best waste treatment options. One-time use, short life span, or disposable products can be developed; mainly they are bio-based and biodegradable. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. All Rights Reserved.